When young children are told about school, they usually say: "You will be taught there to read, write and count." However, such data are already outdated - now a child is not admitted to school without these and many other basic skills. When the baby performs simple math operations, bending his fingers, this is normal. But from a certain age, such technology must be forgotten and learned to count without the help of improvised means.
It is necessary
Books with examples for oral counting, cards with numbers
Instructions
Step 1
The age at which a child must learn to count in his head is different for everyone, but on average it is 5-6 years. To teach a child to count quickly in the head, first you need to teach him just to count in his head, and before that, in principle, teach him how to count. As obvious as it sounds, each of these points needs to be given due attention, and many parents forget about it. So, first, the child should learn well how to count objects - counting sticks, toys, whatever, and perform simple arithmetic operations with them. If the kid cannot count how many sticks will turn out, if you put two more sticks to two sticks, do not ask him to count in his head how many "2 + 3" will be.
Step 2
In order for a child to master mental counting well, he must be well acquainted with the concepts of “more” and “less”, “equally”, and understand the composition of the number. There are several different counting techniques within a dozen. With daily fun activities, it is necessary to ensure that the kid understands the composition of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. He must master, for example, all methods of obtaining the number 7 within ten (1 + 6, 2 + 5, 3 + 4). Children have excellent visual memory, so even constantly looking at such examples, the child will get used to their meanings. It is very useful for such operations to use ordinary cards with numbers or "cash register of numbers".
Step 3
Use toys or other visual examples to study the composition of the number 10 with your child so that he knows that 10 is 2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6, etc. Explain to him that the sum does not change from the change of places of the terms (of course, it is possible not so scientifically - “if we change the numbers in places, we still get the same amount”), explain that subtraction is the inverse operation to addition. When a preschooler masters additions within ten in the mind, things will go much faster.
Step 4
To go beyond the ten, you can use the "up to ten" method. For example, it is required to add 7 and 5. Number 5 to 10 lacks 5, we take them from 7, leaving 2. That is, 7 + 5 = 5 + 5 + 2. And adding 2 to 10 is not that difficult.
Step 5
The main thing in mastering quick mental arithmetic is visualization. For example, invite your child to add and subtract the numbers he sees on the street. Car numbers, for example. A car with number 398 has passed - offer to calculate how much 3 + 9 + 8 will be, etc.
Step 6
There is a lot of debate about whether it is worth giving the child examples for multiplication and division even before school. Assess your child's abilities for yourself, but do not overload him or turn his life into one continuous lesson in mathematics. In any case, the technology for mastering multiplication and division in the mind is about the same as with addition and subtraction.
