Normally, the placenta is located on the back or front wall of the uterus with a transition to its lateral sides. In some cases, it is located in the lower sections, blocking the entrance to the internal pharynx. Due to the improper location of the placenta, it is possible that it is difficult for natural childbirth or a caesarean section.
Most often, the causes of placenta previa are pathologies of the uterus due to inflammation, operations, complicated childbirth. Disturbances in the attachment of the placenta can be the consequences of uterine fibroids, isthmicocervical insufficiency, endometriosis, inflammation, multiple pregnancies.
Among the main symptoms of placenta previa are bleeding from the genital tract that occurs during different periods of pregnancy. In later stages, they usually become stronger due to contractions of the uterus. The cause of bleeding is placental abruption, as a result of which the fetus can develop oxygen deprivation.
Exercise, sudden movements, intercourse, constipation, and thermal procedures can provoke bleeding.
Bleeding can be profuse without pronounced pain, stop and appear again. With incomplete placenta previa, they can begin only in late pregnancy or at the beginning of labor. Repeated bleeding can cause anemia in pregnancy.
Placenta previa can cause miscarriage, premature birth, complications of labor. Pregnant women with presentation are characterized by gestosis, lowering blood pressure, impaired blood clotting, fetal hypoxia, and its abnormal position.
It is possible to identify placenta previa not only with the help of ultrasound, but also during a routine examination of a pregnant woman complaining of bleeding with the help of mirrors. If an abnormal position of the placenta is found, its migration should be monitored over time. For this, an ultrasound scan is performed at 16, 24, 26 34 weeks with a moderate filling of the bladder.
It is impossible to influence the migration of the placenta in any way, but in most cases of diagnosed placenta previa in early pregnancy, it departs from the internal os by 32-34 weeks.
In the absence of bleeding, a pregnant woman with placenta previa can be at home, taking precautions: avoid stress, stress, sex life. After 24 weeks, observation in a hospital is necessary. With minor bleeding, treatment is carried out aimed at continuing the pregnancy.
For treatment, drugs are used that prevent uterine contraction, aimed at treating anemia and placental insufficiency. With large blood loss and a strong decrease in blood pressure, emergency delivery by cesarean section is performed. If pregnancy can be carried up to 38-40 weeks, there are no heavy bleeding, there are no accompanying complications, and the placenta is partially presented, then natural childbirth with early opening of the fetal bladder is possible.
