In older preschool age, it is important to determine the level of social and psychological adaptation of the child, since in the near future he will become a student. School requires a child to possess certain skills. For example, he must be attentive and focused for a long time, keep the task in mind and complete it step by step, hear and follow the instructions of an adult. In addition, the baby should be ready to communicate with peers and understand the rules of behavior in society. That is why it is important to timely identify and correct violations of adaptation of the child.
The proposed method for the diagnosis of socio-psychological adaptation was developed taking into account the age characteristics of preschool children. It has two parts. The first part uses the projective drawing “House. Wood. Human . The analysis of the drawing made by the child makes it possible to determine the level of his self-awareness. The second part consists of a questionnaire for parents and caregivers. The questionnaire reveals the development of the child's basic social skills, self-control.
What the picture “House. Wood. Human."
To complete the assignment, the child is asked to draw a house, a tree and a person on different sheets of paper. It is customary to use pencils or paints for drawing.
At the same time, the ability to follow instructions is assessed. The child is instructed: “There are three pieces of paper and pencils on the table. Draw a house on the first, a tree on the second, and a person on the third. When you're done, fold your pencils and show me the drawings."
The finished drawing is assessed on the basis of the main indicators - the plot, the colors used, the image method, the degree of pressure. After completing the drawings, you need to ask the child about his interpretation of the images. Often, during the conversation, the child provides information that is significant for diagnosis.
Anxiety and self-doubt are expressed in the drawing in the form of small figures, strong pressure, active shading, an abundance of black color, displacement of the image to a corner or to the side, a large number of details.
An image of a dried tree, a categorical refusal to complete the task can speak of pronounced problems of self-awareness.
A long neck in a person indicates a desire to follow the rules, large hands can speak of a child's sociability.
Using the questionnaire
Comprehensive diagnosis of a child's adaptation is impossible without monitoring him. The proposed questionnaire is aimed at diagnosing the characteristics of behavior and the level of formation of the child's social skills. Parents and caregivers are asked to agree or disagree with the statements below.
The proposed questionnaire consists of 15 statements.
1. The child easily makes contact with children on the playground
2. Feels at ease with familiar adults
3. Easily starts a conversation with strangers
4. Adequately responds to comments from adults
5. Follows the rules of the game
6. Retains attention during class
7. Carries out instructions from adults
8. Has basic personal hygiene skills
9. Rarely comes into conflict with other children
10. Polite to adults and peers
11. Handles difficulties in work independently
12. Recently has changed, new interests have appeared
13. The kindergarten has become uninteresting to the child
14. Stubbornly defends his opinion
15. Any tasks cause great excitement
For each positive answer, 1 point is assigned, a negative answer is not scored. More than 12 points indicate a high level of development of social skills. Less than 6 points is a low level.
A qualitative analysis of the results obtained by both components of the methodology allows us to determine the level of social and psychological adaptation of the child and identify existing problems.
