Children must be introduced to the wild, economically valuable fruit and berry plants of the forest, as well as to the mushrooms growing in the forest.
It is necessary
By following these simple guidelines, you can take your kids away from computer screens and keep them busy with something fun and rewarding
Instructions
Step 1
Together with the children, you can compose an album "Mushrooms of Our Forest", in which you can write which mushrooms are found in the forest, which of them are edible and which are harmful. In the same album, you can draw all the types of edible and poisonous mushrooms.
Step 2
In the meadow, you can get acquainted with the characteristic features of dry, flooded and forest meadows, with the species diversity of vegetation, you can determine the economic suitability of the meadow.
Step 3
In order to more accurately determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of the grass stand of the meadow, the method of test plots can again be applied. In this case, the trial site will be very small. It is very easy to lay the site. Let the children make their own frame, the inside of which should be equal (50 cm long and 50 cm wide).
At the beginning of summer, go with your children to the meadow you want to determine the economic value of, and in the most typical vegetation areas of the meadow, place the frame on the ground so that there are not crumpled plants inside the frame. Framed plants are cut and dried.
Step 4
When the hay is dry, it is weighed and the amount of hay is calculated from one hectare of meadow.
This is how the productivity of the meadow is determined. But to the productivity of the meadow, an assessment of its quality must be added. This is done in the following way. With the help of a frame in the meadow, a cut is taken from a test site, measuring one square meter. m. Ukos is wrapped in paper and already at home weighed in parts: separately weighed grains of hay, separately legumes, sedges and herbs. After that, each group of plants is dried and weighed again in a dry state.
Step 5
On excursions to a reservoir, a swamp, a peat bog, children can observe such plants as duckweed floating on the surface of the water, water lily, reeds, reeds, and so on. Comparing aquatic plants to plants living in dry places, comparing the habitats of aquatic plants and land plants, children begin to understand that each plant lives where there are conditions necessary for its life.
Exploring the nearest reservoir, you can get acquainted with the adaptability of different plants to aquatic life, trace the growth of the reservoir and its transformation into a swamp, explore sediments at the bottom of such reservoirs.
Step 6
There are very simple ways to determine the usefulness of a particular plant.
So, for example, the presence of rubber in a plant can be suspected when the plant contains milky sap.
An essential oil plant can be one that emits a pungent odor when its leaves are rubbed and gives a juice that leaves an oil stain on the paper, which disappears after a while.
When cut, tanning plants darken the blade of a knife (the blade turns blue and, if not wiped off, turns black).
Fibrous plants have fiber found most often in the outer part of the stem. Therefore, any herb with a tall and straight stem can be tried for fiber. In addition, plant fiber is found in leaf veins, roots and rhizomes, for example in some marsh plants and ferns.
Cotton-like fibers are found in the form of hair-like appendages of seeds and fruits, for example, in fireweed, swamp cotton grass, in poplar and in many of their species. You can find fiber in a plant by boiling it in a 1% solution (10 g per 1 L of water) of caustic soda.
Step 7
In the summertime, draw the attention of your children to the most interesting opportunity to study economically valuable wild plants.
Step 8
Many berries contain special substances called vitamins, which translated into Russian means “carriers of life.” Their absence in human food causes serious illness in adults and especially in children.
There is especially a lot of vitamin C in berries and other parts of the plant - an antiscorbutic vitamin.
Most of all it is in rose hips, black currant berries and iris leaves.
