A preschool child may well master the basic arithmetic operations. He grasps new knowledge on the fly, and parents can only use this wonderful quality of preschool age. Addition and multiplication are usually easier for kids to understand than subtraction and division. However, the child will overcome these arithmetic wisdom without stress, if you use some techniques.
Necessary
- - sets of the same items;
- - cards with numbers.
Instructions
Step 1
Teach your child to count backwards and forwards. This does not require special classes, just do not miss this opportunity. You can count anything: cubes, candy, apples, cars in the parking lot, flowers in a flower bed. Explain to your student the composition of the number. This is best done with illustrative examples. Five cats were sitting on the lawn, some of them climbed a tree. How many cats are sitting on the tree, and how many are left under it? When solving such visual everyday tasks, the preschooler learns not only the principle of addition, but also the composition of the number. If there are three cats left under the tree, and two climbed the tree, then there are still five of them. Abacus can be used, especially if it has colored bones.
Step 2
Using the same example, you can try to explain the principle of subtraction. There were five cats, and now how many are left? What did you do to find out? Most likely, the preschooler will answer that he counted the cats for the first and second time. You can tell him another way of action. To find out how many items are left, you need to remember how many there were, and subtract from this amount those that have moved to another place.
Step 3
Use a set of identical items for counting down. For example, place five bricks in a row in front of your student. Ask him to count them. Start building a house and remove 1 cube. Offer to count the rest. You can do it not only in the play corner, but also while preparing lunch. The kid will be just happy to help. Invite him to count the number of potatoes needed for the soup, and then have him serve you one at a time and count how many are left. Repeat this exercise regularly with different objects. Your student should understand well what will happen if one is removed from a group of objects.
Step 4
Teach your child to compare groups of objects. Start with the application method. Try to get him to suggest this method himself. Ask, what is more on the doll table - plates or spoons? What do you need to do to find out? If the baby is at a loss, invite him to arrange the spoons next to the plates so that there is one everywhere. How many spoons are missing? How many extra plates? Invite your child to count the number of those and other items. One number will necessarily be greater than the second by the number of "extra" units. To find out how many more plates you get, you need to subtract the number of spoons from their number. The child must learn that when subtracting positive numbers, the largest number is the one from which to subtract, and the smallest is the result.
Step 5
Explain to your child that the number can be written with special symbols. When he understands well what number represents this or that number of objects, you can show him that an example can be written with the same symbols. But for this, the preschooler must understand and remember that the same number denotes any objects.
